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Somalia |
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
Somalia is located in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Djibouti to the northwest, Ethiopia to the west, and Kenya to the southwest. To the east, it has an extensive coastline along the Indian Ocean, and to the north, it borders the Gulf of Aden. This strategic geographic position places Somalia along vital maritime routes connecting the Arabian Peninsula with East Africa.
The capital of Somalia is Mogadishu. The official languages are Somali and Arabic. Covering an area of approximately 637 657 square kilometers, the country has an estimated population of over 17 million as of 2024. Somalia operates as a federal parliamentary republic, and its national currency is the Somali Shilling (SOS).
The country’s geography consists mainly of plateaus, plains, and highlands. Somalia experiences a predominantly arid to semi-arid climate, with two main rainy seasons: Gu (April to June) and Deyr (October to November). Rainfall is often erratic and localized. While the coastal regions support agriculture and fishing, the interior is primarily used for livestock grazing and nomadic pastoralism.
Somalia’s economy is largely informal and centered on agriculture. Key sources of income include livestock, remittances from the Somali diaspora, and a growing telecommunications sector.
Somalia plays a critical role in the ecology of the Desert Locust due to its vast rangelands and favorable breeding conditions along both its coastal plains and interior regions. Its climate characterized by intermittent rainfall and extensive arid zones provides ideal environments for locust breeding, particularly following seasonal rains. As a frontline country in the Horn of Africa, locust activity in Somalia significantly influences the scale and direction of regional outbreaks.
To enhance its capacity to manage locust crises, Somalia became the 17th member of the Food and Agriculture Organization’s Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region (CRC) in November 2023. This membership is a major step toward strengthening regional cooperation, improving early warning systems, and ensuring more effective preparedness and response.
Robust monitoring and control operations in Somalia are essential not only to protect its own food security and livelihoods but also to prevent the spread of locust swarms into neighbouring countries such as Ethiopia and Kenya. Somalia’s active participation in the CRC will be vital in bolstering regional efforts to mitigate the impact of future locust upsurges.
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| Ministry of Agriculture |
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Hargeisa, Somalia |
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| Contact Person: Mowlid Omar Kowrah |
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| Tel | 00252-2-528425
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| E-mail | empre-har@hotmail.com
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